acquired the last remaining tract, the Erie Triangle, through a separate treaty and sold it to Pennsylvania in 1792. In 1784, the second Treaty of Fort Stanwix, between the Iroquois and the United States, transferred most of the remaining Indian territory in Pennsylvania, including what would become Lock Haven, to the state. Hundreds of people fled along the river to Fort Augusta, about 50 miles (80 km) from Fort Reed some did not return for five years. Fort Reed and the other white settlements in the area were temporarily abandoned in 1778 during a general evacuation known as the Big Runaway. In response to settler incursions, and encouraged by the British during the American Revolution (1775–83), Indians attacked colonists and their settlements along the West Branch. It was the westernmost of 11 mostly primitive forts along the West Branch Fort Augusta, located by the confluence of the East (or North) and West branches of the Susquehanna at what is now Sunbury, was the easternmost and most defensible. In 1769, Cleary Campbell, the first white settler in the area, built a log cabin near the present site of Lock Haven University of Pennsylvania, and by 1773 William Reed, another settler, had built a cabin surrounded by a stockade and called it Reed's Fort. However, white settlers continued to appropriate land, including tracts in and near the future site of Lock Haven, not covered by the treaty. With the signing of the first Treaty of Fort Stanwix in 1768, the British gained control from the Iroquois of lands south of the West Branch. Modern county borders are shown for orientation. Map of fortifications and streams in north-central Pennsylvania during the Big Runaway.
By 1763, the Munsee had abandoned their island villages and other villages in the area. During the French and Indian War (1754–63), colonial militiamen on the Kittanning Expedition destroyed Munsee property on the Great Island and along the West Branch. Four Indian trails, the Great Island Path, the Great Shamokin Path, the Bald Eagle Creek Path, and the Sinnemahoning Path, crossed the island, and a fifth, Logan's Path, met Bald Eagle Creek Path a few miles upstream near the mouth of Fishing Creek. Indian settlements in the area included three Munsee villages on the 325-acre (1.32 km 2) Great Island in the West Branch Susquehanna River at the mouth of Bald Eagle Creek. In the early 18th century, a tribal confederacy known as the Six Nations of the Iroquois, headquartered in New York, ruled the Indian (Native American) tribes of Pennsylvania, including those who lived near what would become Lock Haven. First contact with Europeans occurred in Pennsylvania between 15 CE. Prehistoric cultural periods over that span included the Middle Archaic starting at 6500 BCE the Late Archaic starting at 3000 BCE the Early Woodland starting at 1000 BCE the Middle Woodland starting at 0 CE and the Late Woodland starting at 900 CE. Archeological discoveries at the Memorial Park Site 36Cn164 near the confluence of the West Branch Susquehanna River and Bald Eagle Creek collectively span about 8,000 years and represent every major prehistoric period from the Middle Archaic to the Late Woodland period. Fluted point spearheads from this era, known as the Paleo-Indian Period, have been found in most parts of the state. The earliest settlers in Pennsylvania arrived from Asia between 12000 BCE and 8000 BCE, when the glaciers of the Pleistocene Ice Age were receding. While industry remains important to the city, about a third of Lock Haven's workforce is employed in education, health care, or social services. A levee, completed in 1995, protects the city from further flooding. The city has three sites on the National Register of Historic Places- Memorial Park Site, a significant pre-Columbian archaeological find Heisey House, a Victorian-era museum and Water Street District, an area with a mix of 19th- and 20th-century architecture. Frequent floods, especially in 1972, damaged local industry and led to a high rate of unemployment in the 1980s. In the 20th century, a light-aircraft factory, a college, and a paper mill, along with many smaller enterprises, drove the economy. Resource extraction and efficient transportation financed much of the city's growth through the end of the 19th century. At the 2010 census, Lock Haven's population was 9,772.īuilt on a site long favored by pre-Columbian peoples, Lock Haven began in 1833 as a timber town and a haven for loggers, boatmen, and other travelers on the river or the West Branch Canal. Located near the confluence of the West Branch Susquehanna River and Bald Eagle Creek, it is the principal city of the Lock Haven Micropolitan Statistical Area, itself part of the Williamsport–Lock Haven combined statistical area. Lock Haven is the county seat of Clinton County, in the U.S.
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